Fig 2: The migration and invasion of transfected PC-3 cells were detected by Transwell assay (× 200)(A) The migration of cells in groups of blank, NC, miR-199a-3p and miR-199a-3p+Smad1 was visualized under the microscope. (B) The invasion of cells in groups of blank, NC, miR-199a-3p and miR-199a-3p+Smad1 was visualized under the microscope. (C) Histogram of the migration rate of PC-3 cells. (D) Histogram of the invasion rate of PC-3 cells. Data were presented as mean ± SD. ***P < 0.001 compared with NC group; ###P < 0.001 compared with miR-199a-3p group.

Fig 3: Comparison of Smad1 expressions in different groups(A) Comparison of Smad1 mRNA expression in different groups. (B) The effect of miR-199a-3p transfection on the PC-3 cells was detected by Western blotting assay. (C) Comparison of Smad1 protein expression in different groups. Data were presented as mean ± SD. ***P < 0.001 compared with NC group; ###P < 0.001 compared with miR-199a-3p group.

Fig 4: The expressions of miR-199a-3p and Smad1 in prostate tissue samples(A) Difference in the expression of miR-199a-3p between prostate cancer tissues and corresponding adjacent normal prostate tissues. Data were presented as mean ± SD. (B) Immunohistochemistry results showed the protein expression of Smad1 in prostate cancer tissues and cancer adjacent normal tissues. The red rectangles and black arrows have been pictured to direct Smad 1 positive staining (i.e. the brown colors). (C) Number of cases with positive Smad1 expressions. ***P < 0.001 compared with adjacent normal tissues. (D) The expression of miR-199a-3p in prostate cancer cell lines (i.e. LNCaP, PC-3 and DU145) and normal prostate epithelial cells (i.e. RWPE-1). ***P < 0.001 compared with RWPE-1. (E) The expression of Smad1 mRNA in prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, PC-3 and DU145) and normal prostate epithelial cells (i.e. RWPE-1). ***P < 0.001 compared with RWPE-1.